MARKETING FUNDAMENDALS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

MARKETING FUNDAMENDALS - Essay Example Here we will conduct a customer analysis of the markets of Sainsbury's which is the most established supermarket brand in UK. 1 The macro environment of any organization mainly consists of four factors: Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and Technological factors. In order to analyze the macro-environment PEST Analysis is used. In order to understand the influence of factors in the macro-environment upon the consumer behavior of Sainsbury, we will have to undertake the PEST Analysis of Sainsbury. The market of Sainsbury's is mainly the economy and premium customers of UK. In order to understand the affect of macro factors on Sainsbury we will have to study the macro factors of UK. We will proceed as follows: The political environment in UK is one of the most stable in the whole world. There is a Kingdome rule in it for centuries which lead to a well balanced achievement of successful government rules in the country. In order to control the trading system in the country the government has made many regulatory authorities. These authorities ensure the healthy, well-balanced priced, environmental friendly etc aspects of the various business industries in the country. e.g. in January 2007, the government put a lot of pressure on the supermarket and retail industry to cut short the packaging materials as they were adding to the household waste in country. This step was taken in response to the mounted anger among customers who were facing environmental hazards due to a lot of wasted packaging materials. The Independent moved an anti-waste campaign to reduce customers' worries about packaging waste handling and the government fully supported it. The Office of Fair Trading, Food Standards Agency, and Trading Standards Central Agency etc are various regulatory bodies established by the government in order to provide the consumers a safe and well-aware purchasing environment. Such regulatory authorities not only control the various aspects of product/ service qualities of industries but also offer education to the consumers for making informed-buying. There exists a Supermarket Code of Conduct in the country which deals with the relationships of supermarkets and their dealers. It safeguards the interest of the dealers. Economic factors: The economic condition of the country and the pricing strategies of competitors can have a direct impact upon the sales and costs of the Sainsbury's business. The economic condition of UK is very stable and it has been ranked as the 7th most stable and prosperous country in the whole world in a most recent one year analysis of 235 countries. It has even superseded the United States of America which is placed at 22nd position. It shows a growth and stability in the household disposable income of the customers in the coming five years which directly impacts the sales growth. The economical strength of UK depicts the strong purchasing power of the customers indirectly. The customers have a study level of earning and income and therefore can purchase premium products of good quality from any good supermarket in the country. The recent increase in terrorist attacks in the country has posed a greater risk to the sustainability

The True Meaning of Halloween Essay -- History of Halloween

The True Meaning of Halloween Halloween is a holiday which has been around for a lot longer than many may think. Even the traditions which seem so modern and economically rooted are almost as old as the tradition of Halloween itself. There is a lot of confusion as to when the tradition of Halloween began. Many think that Halloween began with the Celts. The Celts celebrated Samhain which was a holiday that symbolized the end of the time of the light and the beginning of the time of the dark. During the time of the dark it was said that the wall between the spirit world and that of the living was weakened and spirits were able to obtain access to the living more easily. Hence this could be one of the reasons children today think of Halloween as a scary holiday, they unknowingly are going along with ancient traditions. Along with the tradition of Samhain other traditions fused into that one to form the Holiday we know today. According to one website their research shows that, â€Å"After the Romans conquered the Celtic world, they merged Samhain with their own festivals, a harvest fest called Poloma, and a celebration for the dead called Feralia.†(A Traditional Halloween) Though the celebration itself has been explained, the acts in which children celebrate it have not. â€Å"Some believe that Druids, who threatened dire consequences to residence who didn’t respond generously to their demands for free goods or money.†(A Traditional Halloween) Yet another clue where the tradition of trick or treating may come from is that author Joan Lee Faust has pointed out that â€Å"The Roman harvest festival honoring Pomona, the goddess of fruits, was held about the same time of year. Historians suggest this festival also infl... ...ty rules and try to be as careful as possible Halloween can stay an enjoyable holiday for all. So centuries later after the Celts and Romans and early Christians the tradition of Halloween still lives on. Though one is unsure who to specifically thank for this exciting day, everyone at one point in their life or another has celebrated this holiday and really has enjoyed the day with family and friends. Sources Cited Faust, Joan Lee â€Å"Around the Garden† New York Times 31 Oct. 1965 Mealia, Bernie personal interview 8 Dec. 2003 Sanders, Dan â€Å"Halloween Traditions Change from Childhood to Adulthood† The Keystone 8 Dec. 2003 http://www.keystoneonline.com/story.asp?Art_id=779 â€Å"A Traditional Halloween† www.a-traditional-halloween.com 8 Dec. 2003 Wilson, Jerry â€Å"History and Customs of Halloween† http://wilstar.net/holidays/halloween.htm 8 Dec. 2003

Don Quixote

Joseph Andrews is Fielding's first novel. It is a classical example of a literary work which started as a parody and ended as an excellent work of art in its own right. The work Fielding intended to parody was Richardson's first novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded which had taken England by storm in the years following 1740 when it was first published. In his novel Fielding intended in the beginning to show how Lady Booby (aunt of â€Å"Lord B. † in Richardson's novel) attempts the virginity of Joseph Andrews, described as the virtuous Pamela's brother but in the end discovered to be different. The whole intention was comic. But after Chapter IX Joseph Andrews seems to break away completely from the original intention. Parson Adams, who has no counterpart in Pamela, runs away with the novel. He â€Å"is one of the most living, lovable, comical bundles of wisdom and simplicity in all literature. † In the words of Edmund Gosse, â€Å"Parson Abraham Adams, alone, would be a contribution to English letters. † He indeed is the hero of the novel, and not Joseph Andrews. Fielding was aware of giving a new literary form with Joseph Andrews which he called â€Å"a comic epic in prose. † Fielding is a great master of the art of characterization also. Fielding's broad human sympathy coupled with his keen observation of even the faintest element of hypocrisy in a person is his basic asset as a master of characterization. He laughs and makes us laugh at many of his characters, but he is never cynical or misanthropic. He is a pleasant satirist, sans malice, sans harshness. He gives no evidence of being angry at the foibles of his characters or of holding a lash in readiness. His comic creations resemble those of Chaucer and Shakespeare. Parson Trulliber and Falstaff, if they were to meet, would have immediately recognized each other! Fielding is one of the greatest humorists in English literature. The same comic spirit which permeates his plays is also evident in his novels. As he informs us, the author upon whom he modeled himself was Cervantes; it is not surprising, therefore, that comedy should be his method. Fielding's humor is wide in range. It rises from the coarsest farce to the astonishing heights of the subtlest irony. On one side is his zestful description of various fights and, on the other, the grim irony of Jonathan Wild. Higher! than both is that ineffable, pleasant, and ironic humor that may be found everywhere in Tom Jones but is at its best in Joseph Andrews where it plays like summer lightning around the figure of Parson Adams-an English cousin of Don Quixote. Fielding's very definition of the novel as â€Å"a comic epic in prose† is indicative of the place of humor and comedy in his novels and, later, those of many of his followers. It may be pointed out here that Richardson had no sense of humor; he was an unsmiling moralist and sentimentalist. Comparing the two, Coleridge says: â€Å"There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that prevails everywhere strongly contrasted with the close, hot, tfay-dreamy continuity of Richardson. † Fielding's humor is sometimes of the satiric kind, but he is never harsh or excessively cynical.

Effective Leadership Style on Groupthink Essay example

Introduction A leader is the key element that affects the overall group’s success by inspiring members to collaborate to achieve a common goal. The approach that the leader takes to lead a group (i.e., leadership style) plays a significant role in group decision-making process and decision quality. Effective leadership encourages members’ participation in decision-making process, and promotes cooperation and motivation among group members. On the other hand, ineffective leadership, which lacks impartiality, can be a great risk factor for groupthink; a phenomenon refers to poor decision process and decision quality (Chapman, 2006). Groupthink is undesirable for groups because it is detrimental to group development. In order to demonstrate†¦show more content†¦Effective decision-making process is possible only when an impartial leader leads the group and encourages participation, collaboration and collective decision-making. Leadership Style: Authoritarian vs. Participative Leadership According to the leadership theory by Kurt Lewin (1939), there are different leadership styles that affect group dynamics such as decision-making, effectiveness of group work, communication, collaboration, and etc. The two of leadership styles, authoritarian and participative, are highly related to the concept of groupthink. Groups with autocratic leaders who promote their preferred solutions are more likely to fall into groupthink than groups with non-promotional leaders (i.e. democratic and impartial) (Ahlfinger Esser, 2001). In other words, groups led by controlling leaders who fail to encourage participation of group members in decision-making process would produce symptoms of groupthink and poor quality of decisions. On the other hand, groups with democratic leaders who make decisions by consulting with the group members while still maintaining control of the group are guarded against groupthink (Kearney Gebert, 2009 ). So allowing greater input from group members protects groups from making faulty irrational decisions and encourages open discussion and critical appraisal. Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) In authoritarian leadership, the leaders make the decisions without the involvement or input of the group members. MakingShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of A Team Vs Teamthink1261 Words   |  6 PagesGroupthink and/or Teamthink, which one is the best choice for your company? This paper will take a look at the process of evolving a group into a team and the importance of organizational culture in the process. We will take a look at appropriate leadership styles that would be most effective for managing a group or a team, also taking into consideration multicultural teams. Finally, we will point out some of the advantages and disadvantages of having groups or teams. Let’s begin by providing aRead MoreEssay on Leadership Reflections: Aspects of Dysfunctional Leadership1520 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Reflections: Aspects of Dysfunctional Leadership Based on assigned readings (ORG515 Module 3), this journal entry reflects on three prevalent forms of dysfunctional leadership (Vecchio, 2007) that potentially impact the author’s effectiveness as a leader – groupthink, aversive behavior, and destructive narcissism. Proceeding from a definitional overview, the discussion identifies aspects of these dysfunctional behaviors that are relevant to the author. This entry then considers appropriateRead MoreThe Post Bureaucratic Era Of The Columbian And The Challenger Accident Incurred By Nasa1520 Words   |  7 Pagespost-bureaucratic era has seen the augmentation of leadership practices cultivating business sustainability from a pecuniary model to an ecological modernised ideology. Although, such dynamic contribution to business dogma has transformed neo-classical principles. Thus, exemplifying it as a â€Å"hybrid† form of economic â€Å"bureaucratic† growth and â€Å"Weberian† social and environmental rational (Clegg and Courpasson 2004: pg; 527). In this essay, I argue that post-bureaucratic leadership practices contribute to managing sustainabilityRead MoreHow Do We Manage Groups And Teams?1335 Words   |  6 Pageswith leadership style models are those who are: commanding – these individuals likes to dictate, always want a person to do what they say, next you should have a vision, Affiliative – focus on emotional needs, democratic- is when people listen to both the bad and good news, pacesetting- is when an individual build ways a person can challenge each other and set goals for an individual, finally – coaching is when an individual help people find its strength and weakness. 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It’s possible that leadership roles may be eliminated when positions are irrelevant in the group culture. The norming phase is perhaps one of the most fulfilling and important stages, since members develop a shared focus. This allows the group to progress to the phase of performanceRead MoreA Reinforcement Of Leadership Practices Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesA reinforcement of leadershi p practices in the post-bureaucratic era has refined business management sustainability from a monetary model to an environmental ideal. However, immense contribution to business notions has renewed neo-classical principles. Therefore, highlights a â€Å"hybrid† practice of the â€Å"Weberian† ecology and pecuniary â€Å"bureaucratic† advancements. (Clegg and Courpassan 2004: pg.; 527). 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Therefore, this paper specifically examines the similarities in leadership and group dynamics between the American corporate world and the US army. While the discipline of business administration helps examine leadership styles, psychology is essential to the study of group dynamics. Under the umbrella of business administrationRead MoreMt Everest Simulation3700 Words   |  15 PagesMt. Everest Simulation- Personal Reflection Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction to Mount Everest team and Leadership simulation 2 2.0 Our Team Process Efficacy 3 2.1 The role of the leader 3 2.2 Psychological Safety 5 2.3 Group Thinking 7 3.0 Conclusions 8 4.0 Reference 9 1.0 Introduction to Mount Everest team and Leadership simulation Climbing Mount Everest is a dangerous undertaking, a Herculean task fraught with difficulties, danger, complexities and volatile

Obesity in America - 2116 Words

ENG 101 SL1 26 June, 2006 Obesity in America Obesity in America is a continually growing problem and even worse our own children are sharing in this problem. A commentary in the Washington Times reports that sixty million Americans are obese. What really is the meaning of obese? Obese is having a body mass index of thirty percent or more. In recent years, the percentage of obese Americans has risen. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, the percentage of obese Americans rose from 22.9 in 1984-1994 to 32.2 in 2003 and 2004. The study also says if you throw in the number of over weight Americans (body mass index of 25 to 29.9) the total jumps to 66.3†¦show more content†¦A lot of todays obese Americans are not obese because they eat too much, but because they move too little. Being physically active allows people to eat enough food to regain the nutrients they have used instead of putting more on top of that of what they have not used. Obesity can lead to a number of different health issues, one of the least deadly but most popular is high blood pressure. One half of Americans aged 55-64 have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stoke- and two in five are obese according to Health, United States 2005(Obesity, High Blood Pressure). High blood pressure is an increase in the amount of blood your heart is pushing through the body with every heartbeat. The increase in pressure thickens the heart muscle, which makes it work harder, while as the heart, muscle thickens the harder it is to contract and relax. This strain on the heart over time could lead to heart failure. High blood pressure is a very common effect obesity has on the body simply because the more a person weighs the blood is being pushed throw the body. Of course, there are medications that can lower high blood pressure, although losing weight for an obese person with high blood pressure is a more recommended remedy. With high blood pressure, there is a far more likelihood of having a heart attack. A heart attack is another major health problem that is seen with obesity quite often. It is also the leading cause of death in theShow MoreRelatedObesity in America909 Words   |  4 Pages When discussing the issue of obesity in America, it seems to be that there is plenty of blame to go around and most of that blame falls on fast food companies. When searching for a concrete answer to the question used as my title, you will find none because there isn’t one. When asked this simple question, it is easy to blame the obesity problem on fast food considering 8 out of 10 Americans consume fast food according to a report done by the Huffington Post. But after doing more research you willRead MoreObesity in America787 Words   |  4 PagesGood news! We’re Number 2! As declared by a 2013 report from the U.N., America has only the second highest obesity rate in the world at 31.8%, second to Mexico with an obesity rate of 32.8%. America has held on to the title of most obese country for over 60 years. From 13% obesity in 1962, estimates have steadily increased right up to 2013’s 32.8%. This may sound like good news, but the harsh truth is that America didn’t reach the number 2 spot through sweeping diet changes or social conscienceRead MoreObesity in America909 Words   |  4 PagesObesity in America In the United States of America, there is a current epidemic of obesity throughout the country. Every age group is affected by this unfortunate trend. Even children are not immune to the national obesity problem. For a country that has an abundance of job opportunities, educational opportunities, and financial opportunities, it is a sad statement of fact that far too many people are tipping the scales in unhealthy ways. It is a fact that a disproportionate amount of the nationsRead MoreObesity : America s Obesity1204 Words   |  5 PagesDraft Obesity in America How many times a week do you go out to McDonald s or Taco Bell for dinner? If you go more than once or twice a week then you really need to look at your diet and how healthy your lifestyle is. America is having a huge obesity crisis, too many Americans just don’t care about how much they weigh or unhealthy their lifestyle is. From the advertisement of the fast food companies, to people not being able to afford healthier foods, and people just being plain lazy, America hasRead MoreObesity in America2898 Words   |  12 PagesIn the United States today, obesity has become an enormous problem. In the last 3 decades, the number of people overweight has increased dramatically. A study done by the Centers of Disease Control showed that since 1980, one third of our adult population has become overweight. 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Americans are drastically becoming more obese ove r the years. There are a few americans who practice the habit of physical exercise and many who have a habit of super-sizing. Foods in America are available anywhere and people become overwhelmed when they see food ads. The percentage of our economy who have lower income

Coco Chanels Influence on Womens Rights - 2572 Words

Table of Contents Part A: Plan of Investigation................................................................................................1 Part B: Summary of Evidence..............................................................................................2 Part C: Evaluation of Sources..............................................................................................5 Part D: Analysis...................................................................................................................6 Part E: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Part F: Sources ....................................................................................................................9 Appendix†¦show more content†¦Additionally, this article is from a commercial publication, and though it is reliable and intended for an educated audience, it may include some dramatization and unnecessary information to make it more appealing for readers. Word Count: 248 Extract B2 This biography, Coco Chanel: An Intimate Life, is a secondary source text written by Lisa Chaney. Published in New York in 2011, this work aims to examine Coco Chanel’s unconventional journey from poverty to glamour, along which she helped to redefine the idea of the modern European woman. This text is intended for an audience of educated individuals with an interest in Coco Chanel and her legacy. Throughout this biography, Chaney references private letters, personal records, and interviews with Chanel’s friends and family to explore the origins of Chanel’s revolutionary ideas that influenced the European feminist movement. This source is valuable because it provides an in-depth examination of Coco Chanel’s life through analysis of new primary source evidence. Additionally, because Chaney is reflecting on Chanel’s life and influence in hindsight, she is able to link Chanel’s work with the progression of European women’s rights th roughout the twentieth century, establishing cause and effect relationships. However, this source is limited because Chaney does not take an objective perspective, and, instead, aims to prove her theory that Chanel was extremelyShow MoreRelatedCoco Chanel1588 Words   |  7 PagesCoco Chanel: Most influential women’s fashion designer The designs created by Coco Chanel have had the greatest impact on women’s fashion. Her designs are classic, timeless, and still very popular today. All of her accomplishments were because of her hard work, dedication, and being her own person. Gabrielle â€Å"Coco† Chanel was born on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, France. (A+E Television Networks, LLC â€Å"Coco Chanel Biography†) When Chanel was twelve years old, her mother, Jeanne Devolle, past awayRead MoreCfew2473 Words   |  10 PagesForm Bottom of Form * Born:  August 19, 1882 in Saumur, France * Died:  January 10, 1971 in Paris, France * Nationality:  French * Occupation:  Fashion designer Legend.  Coco  Chanel  once declared, Legend is the consecration of celebrity, and no other fashion designer in history has exceeded either  Chanels celebrity or her legend. She was a fiercely independent lover of dukes, industrialists, and artists; a confidante of many of the creative geniuses of her day—among them, writer JeanRead MoreEssay about Freedom of the Flapper1618 Words   |  7 Pagesmany more freedoms than they had previously throughout history, but that they also helped to pave the way for future generations of women’s quest for independence. Many flappers were working, single, white, middle-class women. They held jobs in the post-World War I era’s booming economy as clerks, telephone operators, and sales people. However, it was these women’s activities once the work day was over that the flapper lifestyle became famous for. These young and vibrant women were determinedRead MoreChanel Handbags, Target, and Salvation Army Swot Analysis13115 Words   |  53 Pagesmore of a status symbol then a basic essential. This paper will investigate the marketing trends of three different quality grade handbags, which are marketed to three distinct target markets. The first handbags discussed will be high quality handbag, Coco Chanel brand, second is Target brand, Massimo, handbag, and lastly are handbags found at the local Salvation Army. The Salvation Army handbags can include target brand handbags but with a significant lower price to meet its target segment. These threeRead MoreA Brief Biography of Paul Poiret Es say example1489 Words   |  6 Pagesincluded luxury items as well as mass-produced products, but both wings had the intention to create modern and anti-traditional designs that illustrated wealth and elegance. Part 2 Comparison 1: Figure 1 created by Paul Poiret, and figure 2 created by Coco Channel were both designs based on art deco style. Both of these designers came about in the early 20th century as the role of woman in society was changing. In figure 1 Poiret created â€Å" The Fancy Dress costume† in France for his â€Å"The One ThousandRead MoreFashion History2131 Words   |  9 Pagesthe French court relied on sketches to see what was going on. The famous French King Louis XIV said that fashion is a mirror. Louis himself was renowned for his style, which tended towards extravagant laces and velvets. How does fashion influence our lives ? What role does it play in Modern Society ? I aim to answer these questions in my report. The history of fashion. Prehistoric Although prehistoric clothing didnt hold much style it did exist and became the beginning

Current Trends in Restaurants Free Essays

ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION COVER SHEET Submission date: 10 October 2008 Abstract: This paper reports the trends in operation, targeted customers and design in restaurant around the world. CURRENT TRENDS IN RESTAURANTS OVER THE WORLD Contents {text:bookmark-start} INTRODUCTION {text:bookmark-end} Service style Operating hours Menu and Customer Site and Design Technology {text:bookmark-start} TRENDS IN SERVICE STYLES {text:bookmark-end} â‚ ¬Million Top 5 Foodservice Operators in Europe (2006) {text:bookmark-start} COMMON TRENDS IN OPENING HOURS {text:bookmark-end} {draw:frame} text:bookmark-start} WHAT IS HOT ON RESTAURANT MENUS AND MAIN GROUP OF CUSTOMERS {text:bookmark-end} As the population is getting older, the restaurant menus must follow the needs of the elderly whose sense of taste is no longer precise. By that way, there are a large number of menus containing strong-flavour foods, especially spicies. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in Restaurants or any similar topic only for you Order Now In beverage area, people now are coming back with beer. According to a survey by Gallup, in 2006, 41% of American drinkers said they drink beer most often. text:bookmark-start} DESIGN AND EQUIPMENTS {text:bookmark-end} {draw:frame} To satisfy the need of casual and warm place for eating of customers, nowadays, the naturally looking materials are being used for restaurant instead of glass and metal. Besides, warm colours like light gray or chocolate brown are also used to create warm and familiar dining room. In the kitchen, the multi-purpose equipments are the most famous style. 33% of chefs of American Culinary Federation thought that those equipments are the hottest trend in the year 2007 and in the future. text:bookmark-start} TECHNOLOGY IS A PART OF RESTAURANT {text:bookmark-end} Quick service operators are using technology to satisfy the demand of guest and optimize their efficiency. A recent survey by National Restaurant Association showed that 63% of customers want to get qui ck electronic service at their table. {draw:frame} The ever-rising price of food cost that went up 7. 2% in August presses the restaurant managers to find more solutions for cost saving. The most popular way is to use the high-technique cooking machine that can reduce the waste of energy. The modern and widely used gas fryer, for instance, can save up to 50% for gas and 80% for electricity. {text:bookmark-start} CONCLUSION {text:bookmark-end} {text:bookmark-start} REFERENCE {text:bookmark-end} REPORT SURVEY Rowe, M. (2007) Chew on this, Restaurant Hospitality Dining Insight Study 2007 National Restaurant Association, (2007) What’s Hot What’s Not Chefs survey ARTICLES LaFave, C. (2008) Business: All Night Long, Restaurants Intuitions Magazine Panitz, B. 2002) Food Trends: Tracking What’s Hot and What’s Not, Restaurants USA magazine Hamaker, S. S. (2000) Delicious by Design: Creating an Unforgettable Dining Experience, Restaurants USA magazine PODCASTS WEBSITES Horizons news, top 100 food service operators in Europe, horizonsforsuccess. com Foodservice Industry News, (2008) Food inflation continues to take its toll on foodservice margins, horizonsforsuccess. com (2006) Beer back on top, Realbear. com (2007) Current Trends in Foodservice, e scoffier. com (750 words) How to cite Current Trends in Restaurants, Papers